{"id":12583,"date":"2024-02-16T16:53:05","date_gmt":"2024-02-16T13:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itsm.com\/?p=12583"},"modified":"2024-09-20T17:06:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T14:06:28","slug":"chto-takoe-mikroservisnaya-arhitektura-preimushhestva-nedostatki-primery-ispolzovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itsm.com\/tr\/blog\/chto-takoe-mikroservisnaya-arhitektura-preimushhestva-nedostatki-primery-ispolzovaniya\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikro hizmet mimarisi nedir: avantajlar\u0131, dezavantajlar\u0131, kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikro hizmetler geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerlik kazanmaktad\u0131r, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131ya hizmet veren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130nternet hizmetleri i\u00e7in iyidirler. E\u011fer bir hizmette ar\u0131za olursa, di\u011ferleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder: bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k sistemler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Yenilikler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, basit\u00e7e yeni bir hizmet yazabilirsiniz, t\u00fcm sisteme kolayca uyum sa\u011flar, uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalmazs\u0131n\u0131z. Dahas\u0131, farkl\u0131 programlama dilleri kullanan birka\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ekibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dahil edebilirsiniz: mikro hizmetler bunu yapman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mikro hizmet yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hem avantajlar\u0131 hem de dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu makalede, mikro hizmet mimarisinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, monolitik mimariden farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca mikro hizmetler ilkesi \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zelliklerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Mikro hizmet mimarisi nedir<\/h2>\n

Mikro hizmet mimarisi, bir sistemin monolitini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hizmetleri temsil eden ayr\u0131 bile\u015fenlere b\u00f6lmekten olu\u015fan bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme tarz\u0131d\u0131r. Her bir hizmet nispeten basit i\u015flevleri yerine getirmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 teknik unsurlar\u0131n ve i\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinin takibi ile ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak test edilir. Hizmetlerin net fiziksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 vard\u0131r, bu da onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir hale getirir ve farkl\u0131 programlama dillerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler t\u00fcm uygulamay\u0131 etkilemeden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Mikroservis mimarisi ve monolit<\/h2>\n

Monolitik sistemler bir uygulaman\u0131n t\u00fcm hizmetlerini tek bir i\u015flemde birle\u015ftirir ve daha sonra bu sistemi birden fazla sunucuda \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131r. Mikro hizmet mimarisinde her hizmet i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir paket vard\u0131r ve bunlar farkl\u0131 sunucularda depolan\u0131r – birbirlerinden izole edilir, gerekirse \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, her bir i\u015flevsel unsurla ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mikroservis mimarisinin faydalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Mikro hizmetlerin faydalar\u0131, Amazon, Netflix veya eBay gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumsal oyuncular\u0131n bunlar\u0131 sistemlerinde uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Y\u00fcksek hata tolerans\u0131: hizmetlerden biri \u00e7\u00f6kerse, di\u011ferleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder. B\u00f6ylece, bireysel hizmetlerdeki ar\u0131zalar t\u00fcm i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeyecektir;<\/li>\n
  • Esneklik: Yeni bir teknolojiyi \u00e7ok az kanla uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz. \u00c7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olacak ve ar\u0131za durumunda de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kolayca geri alabileceksiniz. Hizmetlerden birini yerel olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirerek t\u00fcm sistemi riske atmay\u0131z ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcre daha azd\u0131r;<\/li>\n
  • Basitlik: ne kadar az kod olursa (ve her bir hizmet eksiksiz bir sistemdir, bu nedenle bu belirli i\u015flevle ilgili olmayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 anlaman\u0131z gerekmez), programc\u0131lar i\u00e7in neyin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak o kadar kolay olur. Buna ek olarak, daha az zaman alacakt\u0131r;<\/li>\n
  • Yaz\u0131lan kodu i\u015fe koyma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131: az miktarda kod h\u0131zl\u0131 bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sa\u011flar;<\/li>\n
  • \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik: En gerekli ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan hizmetler ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funda eklenebilir ve geni\u015fletilebilir. T\u00fcm sistem ayn\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Monolitik mimari ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, mikro hizmet mimarisi daha fazla esnekli\u011fe ve bireysel hizmetleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme yetene\u011fine sahiptir. T\u00fcm sistemi riske atmadan kodda yerel de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmak daha kolayd\u0131r, ancak bunun yerine hizmetler aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n

    Mikroservis mimarisinin dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

    Mikro hizmet mimarisinin modaya uygunlu\u011funa ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da avantaj\u0131na ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 dezavantajlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Hizmetlerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Her bir i\u015flevsel unsur izole edildi\u011finden, her durumda birbirleriyle istek ve yan\u0131t al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunmalar\u0131 gerekece\u011finden, aralar\u0131nda yetkin ileti\u015fim kurarken \u00f6zel dikkat g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir. Hizmetlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, mesajlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da artaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Hizmetlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, bu hizmetlerin ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da artmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc monolitik mimarinin aksine mikro hizmetler birden fazla ortak veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Testin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6nce her bir hizmetle ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ilgilenmeniz ve ard\u0131ndan di\u011fer mikro hizmetlerle do\u011fru etkile\u015fimini test etmeniz gerekti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle ifade edilir.<\/li>\n
    • Mikro hizmetler bireysel kurulu\u015flarda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in daha k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr, onlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m\u0131 makul olmayan bir \u015fekilde zor olabilirken, kitlesel \u0130nternet hizmetleri i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmeldir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Mikroservis Mimarisi Uygulama \u0130stismar\u0131<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \u0130zleme<\/strong>
        \nZaman i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sorunlar b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu nedenle, zaman\u0131nda ve mikro hizmetler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda s\u00fcrekli izleme esast\u0131r. Bir mikro hizmet mimarisini izlemek, monolitik bir uygulamay\u0131 izlemekten \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve bak\u0131m\u0131 daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Hata tolerans\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi<\/strong>
        \nHem monolitik hem de mikro hizmet mimarileri uygulama ar\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyemez. Mikro hizmetler \u00fczerine bir uygulama in\u015fa ederken \u00f6nemli bir ilke, sistem ar\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n er ya da ge\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini varsaymakt\u0131r. Ve bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 varsay\u0131m\u0131 ile uygulama olu\u015fturulur.
        \nKod, \u00fcretime ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde test edilmelidir. Bununla birlikte, baz\u0131 hatalar\u0131n g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7ma ihtimali her zaman vard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr durumlar i\u00e7in kaos test sistemi icat edilmi\u015ftir. Hatalar ve sorunlar otomatik ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulur – bunlar\u0131 \u00f6nceden incelemek ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm veya bunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin bir yolunu bulmak i\u00e7in.<\/li>\n
      • \u00d6l\u00e7eklendirme<\/strong>
        \nMikro hizmetlerin bulut tabanl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi ana avantaj\u0131 haline getirmektedir. Her hizmet belirli bir i\u015flevi yerine getirir, t\u00fcm hizmetler nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr – mimarinin t\u00fcm bu \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmeyi daha kolay ve daha ac\u0131s\u0131z hale getirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Mikroservis mimarisini kullanmak ne zaman uygundur<\/h2>\n[important]<\/p>\n

        Mikro hizmet mimarisi \u00f6zellikle ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131ya \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hizmet sa\u011flayan \u015firketler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu t\u00fcr hizmetler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ma\u011fazalar, yay\u0131n platformlar\u0131 ve sosyal a\u011flar yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        [\/important]\n

        Farkl\u0131 sistem bile\u015fenlerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilmesi onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sat\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde sipari\u015f verme hizmeti \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artarken, di\u011fer hizmetler normal modda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mikro hizmetler, di\u011fer alt sistemleri etkilemeden \u00f6zellikle \u00f6deme hizmeti i\u00e7in bilgi i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fini esnek bir \u015fekilde art\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Hata tolerans\u0131, geni\u015f bir kitleye sahip \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hizmetler i\u00e7in de kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir – bir hizmet ar\u0131zalan\u0131rsa, uygulaman\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 normal \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmelidir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mikro hizmetlere ay\u0131rma tam da b\u00f6yle bir ar\u0131za izolasyonu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

        Buna ek olarak, mikro hizmetler b\u00fcy\u00fck da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k geli\u015ftirme ekipleri i\u00e7in uygundur – her ekip kendi hizmetiyle ilgilenebilir, bu da koordinasyonu basitle\u015ftirir ve s\u00fcr\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Ayn\u0131 zamanda, mikro hizmetler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck projeler veya \u015firketlerin i\u00e7 sistemleri i\u00e7in gereksiz bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda, geli\u015ftirme ve destek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha basit ve ucuz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle monolitik mimarinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tercih edilir.<\/p>\n

        Mikroservis mimarisi kullan\u0131m \u00f6rnekleri<\/h2>\n

        Amazon<\/h4>\n

        Mikro hizmetleri benimseyen ilk \u015firketlerden biri. Amazon’un t\u00fcm altyap\u0131s\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcn katalo\u011fu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131, arama, \u00f6neriler vb. i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerce ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hizmetten olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bu, Amazon’un artan i\u015f y\u00fcklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kaynaklar\u0131 kolayca \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmesine ve mikro hizmet geli\u015ftirme yoluyla yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnleri h\u0131zla kullan\u0131ma sunmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Netflix<\/h4>\n

        Netflix’in yay\u0131n hizmeti 800’den fazla mikro hizmete ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar video kod d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, \u00f6neriler, aray\u00fczlerin A\/B testi ve di\u011fer g\u00f6revlerden sorumludur. Mikro hizmetlerin esnekli\u011fi, Netflix’in trafik artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sunucu filosunu h\u0131zla geni\u015fletmesine ve sistemi tehlikeye atmadan UI\/UX ile denemeler yapmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

        Uber<\/h4>\n

        \u015eirket co\u011frafi konum belirleme, haritalama, \u00f6deme i\u015fleme, lojistik ve daha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerce mikro hizmet kullan\u0131yor. Bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckler alt\u0131nda sistem g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flar ve Uber’in h\u0131zla \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmesine ve yeni pazarlara girmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Sonu\u00e7lar<\/h2>\n

        Mikro hizmetler, kurumsal bilgi sistemleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir mimari olarak kullan\u0131lmaya daha uygun de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir varyantta, i\u015fletme ve bak\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede karma\u015f\u0131k bir sistem elde edece\u011fiz. Ve i\u015fletme maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015f, mikro hizmet mimarisini kullanman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar bir, hatta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurulu\u015f i\u00e7inde tam olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Mikro hizmetlerin etkili bir \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana alan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130nternet hizmetleridir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Mikro hizmetler geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerlik kazanmaktad\u0131r, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131ya hizmet veren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130nternet hizmetleri i\u00e7in iyidirler. E\u011fer bir hizmette ar\u0131za olursa, di\u011ferleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder: bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k sistemler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Yenilikler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, basit\u00e7e yeni bir hizmet yazabilirsiniz, t\u00fcm sisteme kolayca uyum sa\u011flar, uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalmazs\u0131n\u0131z. Dahas\u0131, farkl\u0131 programlama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":12584,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[15],"yoast_head":"Mikro hizmet mimarisi nedir: avantajlar\u0131, dezavantajlar\u0131, kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131 - SimpleOne - Business Process Automation Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SimpleOne - Business Process Automation Platform Mikro hizmet mimarisi nedir: avantajlar\u0131, dezavantajlar\u0131, kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mikro hizmet mimarisi nedir: avantajlar\u0131, dezavantajlar\u0131, kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131 - SimpleOne - Business Process Automation Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SimpleOne - 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